The meaning of the word Luzhniki. Luzhniki - history and modernity Examples of the use of the word Luzhniki in literature
Luzhniki
the name of the part of the left low bank in the bend of the Moscow River against the Lenin (formerly Vorobyovy) Mountains in the southwest of Moscow. L. is also called one of the world's largest sports complex, the Central Stadium named after V.I. Lenin, built on this site in 1955–56 (see V.I. Lenin Stadium).
Wikipedia
Luzhniki (stadium)
"Luzhniki" (Big sports arena Olympic complex "Luzhniki", until 1992 - Big sports arena Central Stadium named after V.I. Lenin) - a stadium in Moscow, the central part of the Luzhniki Olympic complex, located near Vorobyovy Gory in Moscow. The most spacious stadium in Russia.
Since 2013, the stadium has been closed for reconstruction for the 2018 World Cup.
Luzhniki
Luzhniki- Moscow toponym.
- Luzhniki is the southwestern part of the Khamovniki district.
- Luzhniki is the largest sports and entertainment complex in Russia and one of the largest in the world.
- Luzhniki is a stadium, the central part of the Luzhniki Olympic complex.
- Luzhniki is the second building of the Luzhniki Olympic complex after the stadium, an indoor universal multifunctional area with an auditorium.
- Luzhniki is a clothing market in the Russian capital Moscow in Luzhniki.
- Luzhniki is a passenger platform of the Moscow Central Circle.
- Luzhniki is a street in the Khamovniki district of the Central Administrative District of Moscow.
- Luzhniki is a village in the Stupinsky district of the Moscow region.
Luzhniki (Olympic complex)
« Olympic Complex "Luzhniki""(until 1992 - " Central Stadium named after V.I. Lenin") is the largest sports and entertainment complex in Russia and Europe. Located in Moscow, in the Khamovniki district. The Luzhniki territory covers an area of over 180 hectares, on which there are a variety of facilities intended for holding sports competitions, concerts, other events and sports. The most important buildings are the Large Sports Arena, the Small Sports Arena, the Sports Palace, the Swimming Pool, the Druzhba Sports Center, the Sports Town, and the Top Golf Complex (driving range). In 1980, the sports complex hosted several stages of the Olympics.
Luzhniki (fair)
Luzhniki- a now defunct clothing fair (market), located in Moscow between the Luzhniki Olympic complex on one side and the small ring of the Moscow Railway and the Third Transport Ring on the other, next to the Sportivnaya metro station.
Luzhniki (street)
Luzhniki Street- a street in the center of Moscow in the Khamovniki district of the Central Administrative District in Luzhniki.
Luzhniki (area)
Luzhniki (platform)
Luzhniki- passenger platform of the Small Ring of the Moscow Railway, serving as a stopping point for the city electric train - the Moscow Central Ring. Within the transport system of the Moscow Central Circle it is designated as a “station”, although in fact it is not a railway station due to the lack of track development.
It was opened on September 10, along with the opening of passenger traffic on MCC electric trains. Named after the nearby Luzhniki sports complex.
It is part of a transport hub, which includes the Sportivnaya metro station and ground transport stops on Khamovnichesky Val Street.
Luzhniki (village)
Luzhniki- a village in the Stupinsky district of the Moscow region as part of the urban settlement of Stupino (until 2006 - the center of the Luzhnikovsky rural district). As of 2016, there are 13 streets, 3 city buildings and 1 gardening association in Luzhniki. The village is connected by bus to the cities of Stupino and Kashira. It was first mentioned in historical documents in 1559 as granted to the Belopesotsky Monastery. In the village, from the 2nd half of the 16th century, there was a wooden Trinity Church, which burned down in 1812 and was rebuilt in stone in 1813-1847, an architectural monument of federal significance.
Luzhniki (small sports arena)
Small Sports Arena Luzhniki(previously "Central Lenin Stadium") is an indoor stadium with a capacity of 8,700 seats, which is located in Moscow and is part of the Moscow sports complex "Luzhniki". The arena was built in 1956 in the USSR. It hosted volleyball competitions at the 1980 Summer Olympics. It also hosted competitions as part of the summer Universiade 1973, Goodwill Games 1986, Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR and other tournaments.Hockey clubs hold home matches in the arena.
Luzhniki (swimming pool)
Olympic swimming pool, previously Swimming pool of the Central Stadium named after. Lenin is a water sports center that is part of the Moscow Luzhniki sports complex. It was opened in 1957 and reconstructed in 1980. Its capacity is 10,500 seats. Hosted water polo competitions during the 1980 Summer Olympics. It also hosted events during the Summer Universiade (1973), the 12th World Festival of Youth and Students (1985), the Goodwill Games (1986), the Spartakiads of the peoples of the USSR and others.
Examples of the use of the word Luzhniki in literature.
It was through these doors that Litvak burst in, Luzhniki, Dosychev, Lysenko, Taknov, Bulatov, Borodulin, Gavrishev, party organizer of the battalion, senior lieutenant Isakov.
She lived for Shmelev a living and original life, which still reminds of itself in the names of streets and alleys, squares and playgrounds, driveways, embankments, dead ends, which hid large and small fields, clearings, open fields, sand, mud and clay, mosses under the asphalt , alders, even wilds, or derbies, ku-lizhki, swampy places and the swamps themselves, hummocks, Luzhniki, enemy ravines, valley ditches, graves, as well as pine forests and a great variety of gardens and ponds.
Admiring eyes caught the amethyst Shukhov Tower, the pink vision of the Kremlin, the Empire palace carved from blue ice, the arena round like the moon Luzhniki.
While writing down Kashirin's address, Zubtsov sadly thought about the fact that he definitely had to fly to Sochi that evening, and that evening a hike with Nina was scheduled for Luzhniki to the Kyiv Ice Ballet.
This Regina, for example, is a philanthropist, her husband left her a lot of money, and the apartment - you’ll see for yourself - Luzhniki!
Luzhniki the patriarch of our rock, Alexander Gradsky, sang a song dedicated to the memory of Vysotsky: it did not seem strange.
About three years before the time in question, we were walking along the banks of the Moscow River in Luzhniki, that is, on the other side of the Sparrow Hills.
On July 19, 1980, the flame of the Olympic Games was lit in Moscow. The anniversary of this memorable event is dedicated to two
local history plot - about the Dynamo and Luzhniki stadiums.
The first mention of Luzhniki is found in the spiritual letter of Prince Yuri Vasilyevich in 1472. However, most likely
it was about a village in the Yakimanka region. A more reliable mention of 1638 is the settlement of Small Luzhniki near the New Maiden Convent.
The name Luzhniki is usually associated with low-lying meadow areas that are flooded during high water. There are versions related to the professional activities of the residents - either Luzhniki (tinkers, boilermakers), or peasants who grazed horses and harvested hay in the sovereign meadows.
The decision to build a sports complex in Luzhniki was made by the USSR Government on December 23, 1954. Design began in January 1955, the project was drawn up in 90 days, and construction began in April 1955. All buildings on the banks of the Moscow River, including the 17th-century Church of the Tikhvin Mother of God, were demolished.
On July 31, 1956, the grand opening of the sports complex took place, and the First Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR was held. The sports complex was built in record time - in just 450 days, and the whole country participated in its creation. Since then, it has been rebuilt several times in parts, the largest reconstruction of the complex was associated with the preparation of the 1980 Summer Olympic Games.
Initially, the complex was called the Central Stadium named after V.I. Lenin and was a state enterprise. The modern official name - Open Joint Stock Company Olympic Complex "Luzhniki" - received in the spring of 1992 as a result of the privatization of this enterprise.
The Luzhniki territory covers an area of over 180 hectares, on which there are facilities intended for holding sports competitions, concerts and physical education and sports. The most important buildings are the Large Sports Arena, the Small Sports Arena, the Sports Palace, the Swimming Pool, and the Druzhba Universal Sports Hall.
You can get to the city of sports by metro: the unique Vorobyovy Gory (Lenin Hills) station is located right on the bridge over the Moscow River. The facade of the Sportivnaya station is decorated with lamps in the form of torches.
And here is the final stop of several trolleybus routes. The control room and elegant passenger canopy appeared in the mid-1950s.
A short excursion into the history of Luzhniki. Flood in 1908:
Construction of the BSA, 1956:
Festival of Youth and Students, 1957:
Closing ceremony of the 1980 Olympics:
Market in Luzhniki, 2000:
In 1998, the Bolshoi Sports Arena was included by UEFA in the list of five-star European football stadiums, so far it is the only elite stadium in Russia. The arena will be reconstructed until 2016, and it is planned to host the FIFA World Cup final here in 2018.
Number of seats for spectators after installation of plastic seats: 78,360 (after reconstruction for the World Cup it will increase to 89,318). All seats in the Grand Sports Arena of the stadium are covered by a canopy built in 1997, 63.5 meters wide and weighing 15 thousand tons, which is supported by 72 steel supports, each 26 meters high. Now the stadium has a football field with fifth-generation artificial synthetic turf. There are treadmills around it. The stadium has four connected stands - A and C along the length of the field, B and D - behind the goal (tickets for them are cheaper, fans are usually seated here). During the 1980 Olympics, the capacity was about 103,000 people, but then the benches were wooden.
The large sports arena has been the home field of the Spartak football team (Moscow) for decades.
On the territory of Luzhniki there are many monuments reflecting the history of the sports complex and the sporting glory of our country. On the Alley of Outstanding Athletes of Russia, monuments to Honored Masters of Sports Nikolai Starostin, Lev Yashin, Eduard Streltsov (sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov) were erected. Memorial plaques in honor of hockey legends Valery Kharlamov and Anatoly Tarasov are also mounted here.
The monument to those killed at the stadiums of the world reminds of the most tragic day in the history of the sports complex - October 20, 1982, when 66 people died at the Luzhniki stadium. On a cold evening, not many spectators came to the match "Spartak" - "Haarlem", tickets were sold for two stands, about 12,000 fans were seated in stand C. At the very end of the match, Spartak scored the second goal and the fans, who had already left their seats, We headed back to find out the details. There was a crush of oncoming streams of people on the stairs, the steps were slippery, and the railings could not withstand the pressure. There are a total of 81 entrances to the BSA and, according to the calculations of the stadium designers, tens of thousands of spectators could leave the arena in just ten minutes. Those responsible for organizing the football match were found guilty of the incident. The death of dozens of fans was hushed up by the authorities; the truth about the biggest tragedy in the sports history of the USSR became known only in 1989.
The authors of the monument are architect Georgy Lunacharsky and sculptor Mikhail Skovorodin. The initiator of the creation of the monument is the Spartak fans club. The dominant feature of the monument is the face of a grieving woman-mother against the background of the stadium stands in their tragic fracture and the stairs where the tragedy occurred.
On July 19, 1980, the sounds of fanfare announced the opening of the XXII Olympic Games; the Olympic flame burned over the Great Sports Arena for 16 days. Competitions in seven sports were held directly in Luzhniki: athletics, football, equestrianism, gymnastics, judo, volleyball and water polo. From here, a huge Teddy Bear, the inflatable mascot of the games, flew into the Moscow sky. The bear was caught and stored for a long time in the Luzhniki warehouses, but, as the newspapers wrote, it was lost during the years of perestroika. Another relic, the Olympic cauldron, was removed from the stadium during the reconstruction process.
On the Prestigious Alley you can see a monument dedicated to the Olympic Movement and opened in July 2001 personally by Juan Antonio Samaranch.
Vladimir Aleshin worked at Luzhniki since the 1970s, he was responsible for the preparation of Olympic facilities, in 1982 he became the general director of the complex, and after privatization in 1992, its actual owner. Shortly after the resignation of Mayor Yuri Luzhkov, with whom he worked closely, Aleshin voluntarily left the post of director.
According to Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, the Luzhniki hectares of land should belong to the city.
In 1992, a clothing market was opened on the territory of the complex; in 2003, it was moved outside the complex, and in August 2011, the clothing fair finally ceased to exist.
The Druzhba USZ was built especially for the Moscow Olympics; the building is constructed of reinforced concrete petals and from a distance resembles an inverted flower. The hall is designed for competitions in team sports, weightlifting, fencing, and rhythmic gymnastics. If necessary, the movable stands can be extended or removed. Currently, the Druzhba Universal Sports Hall is the largest tennis facility in Moscow, with 33 outdoor tennis courts and four indoor halls.
The wardrobe can be folded to save space.
Competitions in workout (strength exercises on the horizontal bar) and volleyball.
The small sports arena looks like an ancient Greek temple. The Dynamo hockey team holds its home matches here; the stands can accommodate 8,712 spectators. The annals of the arena include competitions in basketball, handball, tennis, weightlifting, wrestling, gymnastics, volleyball, and hockey.
The original lights installed in 1956 have been preserved on the territory of the sports complex.
In addition to water sports (now they teach scuba diving, aqua aerobics and diving), in the pool building you can practice gymnastics and boxing. Since 1964, in winter and autumn, the water in the pool began to be heated to +27 degrees. Swimmers entered the bath through warm corridors. In Soviet times, the pool hosted competitions in swimming, water polo, and diving.
The author of the monument "Mountaineers" is Honored Master of Sports in mountaineering, sculptor Evgeny Abalakov. The monument is made of bronze and granite and represents a sculptural group, which is considered the pinnacle of Yevgeny Abalakov’s creativity, the embodiment of his unique personal experience.
Two sculptural compositions, not directly related to sports, were installed in 1964 on the embankment. This is a fisherman taming a huge catfish, and a woman with a basket of fruit. The works were made according to the sketches of Vera Mukhina by sculptors N. Zelenskaya, A. Sergeev and Z. Ivanova.
In 2010, the chapel of the Blessed Prince Vladimir was erected on Luzhnetskaya embankment. The chapel is an octagonal building topped with a tent and dome.
The Sports Palace, with a capacity of 11,169 spectators, was more often used during Soviet times to host hockey matches and competitions in figure skating, gymnastics and wrestling. Films from all-Union and international film festivals were also shown here. At that time, the palace was visited by 3 million people annually.
Concerts in Luzhniki take place in the Sports Palace and on open stages. In the photo: Pelageya, Ilya Lagutenko, Trofim.
Borders
The border is not strictly defined; sometimes it is drawn along the small ring of the Moscow Railway and the Third Transport Ring. Green area with low building density. The area between the Moscow River and the railway has no population; residential buildings are located only on the other side of the road.
Story
Usually, speaking about the first mention of the current Luzhniki, they refer to the spiritual letter of Prince Yuri Vasilyevich in 1472, which includes “the village of Semchinskoye and the courtyards with the city and with Luzhnikov”; however, it most likely talks about other Luzhniki, which also appear in the description of the events of 1612: “On the 23rd day of August... the hetman went straight to the city... Prince Dmitry Trubetskoy, who came out against him, a hundred from the Moscow River from Luzhniki , and Prince Dmitry Pozharskaya from his country is one hundred near the Moscow River, near the Church of Elijah the Prophet, the Recommended Ordinary." Later, in the 17th-19th centuries, these Luzhniki are referred to as Malye Krymskiye (“Small Luzhniki, at the Crimean Ford,” between the Crimean Bridge and Yakimanka).
Crimean Luzhniki are probably connected with the Great Meadow. For the first time, “near the city, the Great Meadow beyond the river” was mentioned in the spiritual of Dmitry Donskoy in 1389, and subsequently invariably appears in the spiritual letters of the Moscow sovereigns (in 1406 in the first spiritual of Vasily I as “the Great Meadow opposite the city across the river”); .
To the beginning XVII century As a result of construction, the Great Meadow fell into pieces - the western one began to be called the Crimean Meadow (from the Crimean Courtyard to the St. Andrew's Monastery), after which the settlement received the name Crimean Luzhniki. In the eastern part of the former Great Meadow (in 1604 it was mentioned as the “Lesser Meadow” near the Simonov Monastery) the Bolshie Luzhniki settlement arose, also known as Luzhnitskaya Sloboda (mentioned since 1619, the name of the settlement was retained by Luzhnitskaya Street, now Bakhrushin Street). All R. The 17th century palace settlement of Bolshiye Luzhniki is mentioned with the indication “that under Simonov” (1633) and “from under Simonov” (1658).
The area that is now called Luzhniki was formerly called Small Novodevichy Luzhniki, and at the first mention, in 1638, it was called the Small Luzhniki settlement under the New Maiden Convent. In 1654, residents of Luzhniki began to build a wooden church near the shore. John Chrysostom and built “up to the upper platform; and by the will of God there was a pestilence,” the unfinished church “was taken to Kuznetskaya Sloboda.” A church was built on the same spot in 1701. Tikhvin Mother of God (stone in 1756-1762, demolished in 1955, in its place is a stadium). In 1955, all buildings between the Okruzhnaya railway. and the river were demolished for the construction of a sports complex.
origin of name
The name Luzhniki is usually associated with “low-lying meadow area, flooded during high water” (Dal’s does not record this meaning; only the Ryazan dialect “more extensive wet place, mochazhinnik” is indicated). But then the name should have been much more widespread, and not limited to three settlements.
The name Luzhniki initially did not refer to localities, but specifically to settlements, which suggests a connection between the name and the occupation of the residents. In the 17th century the Luzhniki profession is mentioned: for example, in the expense books there are entries: in 1606 “Luzhnik well worker Nechaik Fedorov received food for 3 days at 2 money per day”; in 1614 “Luzhniki Lamak Kazarinov for a fathom of firewood and with transportation of 3 rubles. 16 al. 4 d." . Luzhniki Borisko is mentioned in the “Search Cases of Fyodor Shaklovit and His Accomplices”, in the Ryazan payment books of 1594-97. the Luzhniki shop of Ofonka Ivanov is mentioned.
Some authors claim that tinkers were called Luzhniki, although sources and dictionaries do not provide any basis for this. It is doubtful that in the XVI-XVII centuries. In general, such an independent profession existed (not to mention the fact that its representatives formed separate settlements). Tinning was carried out by boilermakers (copper craftsmen).
You should pay attention to the location of all the Moscow Luzhniki: these settlements were located near the palace (sovereign) meadows. Apparently, Luzhniki called those who worked for them, were engaged in grazing horses, and possibly also making hay.
It is probably no coincidence that the Crimean Luzhniki is adjacent to the sovereign stables on Ostozhenka (on the other side of the Moscow River, behind the Crimean Ford), and the Novodevichy Luzhniki is adjacent to the sovereign's spare stables at Pometny Vrazhek. M. Aleksandrovsky points out that in c. Trinity in Bolshoi Luzhniki “the icon of the Forerunner was preserved, marked in 1589 with the name of Luzhniki (servant at the meadows) Ivan Leontyev.”
Notes
Literature
- Rachinsky Ya. Z. Complete dictionary of Moscow street names. M., 2011. pp. 282-283. ISBN 978-5-85209-263-2
| Historical places and districts in Moscow | |
|---|---|
| Historical areas | |
| Right Bank Moscow rivers: |
|
| Balchug Island: | |
| Left Coast Moscow rivers to Yauza: |
Balkans Borovitsky Hill Butyrki Butyrsky farm Vagankovo Vasilyevsky Meadow All Saints Grove Maiden's Field Ermakova Grove Zhabensky Meadow Zaneglimenye Zaryadye Ivanovskaya Gorka Kashenkin meadow Koshelnaya settlement Red Village Kulishki Kuchkovo field Luzhniki Likhobory Miusy Novinskoe October Field Printers Podkopaevo Presnya Samoteka Serebryaniki Serebryany Bor Thatched lodge Sushchevo Syromyatniki Testovo Three Mountains Usachevka Khamovniki Khitrovka Khodynskoe field Church hill Shiryaevo field Yamskoe field |
| Left Coast Moscow rivers behind Yauza: |
|
| Historic districts | |
| Areas within historical walls and shafts: |
|
| Historic districts, named after settlements: |
|
| Mass areas residential development: |
Aleshkino Babushkin Beskudnikovo Bibirevo Biryulyovo Veshnyaki-Vladychino Volkhonka-ZIL Golyanovo Degunino Ivanovskoye Lenino-Dachnoe Medvedkovo New Kuzminki Orekhovo-Borisovo Otradnoe Tushino Fili-Mazilovo Khimki-Khovrino Khoroshevo-Mnevniki Southwest: Belyaevo-Bogorodskoye Davydkovo Zyuzino Konkovo-Derevlevo |
The name Luzhniki originates from the word “luzhnik” - “a small meadow, a meadow among puddles and lakes.” The Luzhniki territory used to be covered with a meadow, which was flooded by the Moscow River during high water. After the water subsided, many puddles and lakes remained. Due to the danger of military invasions and the threat of almost annual floods, this low-lying coastline was slowly developed. But in the 20th century, the appearance of Luzhniki changed.
In 1952, Soviet athletes took part in the Olympics for the first time since the war. After this, the USSR government decided to build a stadium in Moscow according to world standards.
Guide to Architectural StylesOn July 31, 1956, the day the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR began, the then largest stadium in Europe opened in the middle of a green area in Luzhniki. It was built in just a year and a half by architects I.E. Rozhin, N.N. Ullas, A.F. Khryakov, A.V. Vlasov, engineers V.N. Nasonov, N.M. Reznikov, V.P. Polikarpov. The work was enormous: to avoid flooding, the terrain level was raised by an average of 1.5 meters, and materials for construction were brought from all over the country.
On a sunny spring day in 1954, we, a group of architects and engineers who were entrusted with the design of the Central Stadium, climbed to a spacious asphalt square on the Lenin Hills... Everything said that a better place than Luzhniki could not be chosen for the construction of a stadium. Judge for yourself: the proximity of the river, the mass of greenery, clean, fresh air - this circumstance alone was important for the choice of the territory of the future city of sports... In addition, Luzhniki is located relatively close to the city center and is connected by convenient access roads to all districts of the capital.
A real sports city has appeared in Luzhniki. In addition to the Big Sports Arena, the complex included the Small Arena, the Sports Palace, a swimming pool and several outdoor sports grounds. These facilities were sufficient for competitions and training in 20 sports. Later, a sports town, athletics centers, football fields, tennis courts, a golf course, a hotel, and administrative buildings appeared.
Dozens of historical competitions took place within the walls of the country’s main sports arena.
In 1957, the grand opening of the World Festival of Youth and Students took place in Luzhniki. The 1980 Olympics, 7 Spartakiads, World and European Championships in various sports, UEFA Cup and Champions League finals, as well as the most important matches of the national team took place here.
In 1990, the Kino group performed at the Bolshoi Arena. It remained in history as the most massive concert of a Russian group. There were 85 thousand people in the stadium. This was Viktor Tsoi's last performance. It was then that the flame in the Olympic cauldron was lit for the last time.
There is also a sad page in the history of Luzhniki: on October 20, 1982, there was a mass stampede at the Grand Sports Arena at the end of the match between the football clubs Spartak Moscow (USSR) and Haarlem (Netherlands). 66 people died then. This stampede became the most tragic incident in the history of Soviet and Russian sports.
To host the FIFA World Cup, the Luzhniki Stadium underwent a major reconstruction in 2014-2018.
The façade of the stadium was preserved, but the “filling” was replaced. They even poured a new foundation. And the number of seats was increased by 3,000. Also, an observation deck appeared on the upper level of the Big Sports Arena.
Now, in addition to sports, Luzhniki hosts concerts and cultural and entertainment events. The stadium is surrounded by a park with a walk of fame of outstanding Russian athletes.
They say that......it was planned to build a stadium on Vorobyovy Gory back in the 1920s. Then they laid the foundation of the All-Union Red Stadium and prepared projects for statues and sculptural groups, as well as laying tracks. But these plans were not destined to come true.
...On April 28, 1963, a rally of Soviet-Cuban friendship took place, at which Fidel Castro gave a fiery speech to an audience of 125,000. Before the rally in Luzhniki, Castro proposed to Khrushchev: “Is it weak, Nikita Sergeevich, to allow people to be not only in the stands of the stadium, but also on the football field? I have a feeling of some emptiness and isolation from the audience.” In response, Khrushchev put forward a condition: the speech must be written on paper. Fidel reluctantly agreed. He toiled, walked around the room, tried to dictate paragraphs to the stenographer, but suddenly stopped and said: “That’s it, I’ve had enough.”
The next day, the Luzhniki field was filled with people. Fidel Castro spoke in front of a huge audience, and no one noticed that the Cuban was holding blank sheets of paper in front of him and was improvising again.
Luzhniki in photographs from different years:
Incorporated into Moscow in 1917.
| Historical area in Moscow | |
| Luzhniki | |
|---|---|
| Story | |
| Other names | Big Luzhniki, Small Luzhniki, Small Novodevichy Luzhniki |
| Location | |
| Districts | Central Administrative District |
| Districts | Khamovniki |
| Metro stations | Sports |
Borders
The border is not strictly defined; sometimes it is drawn along the small ring of the Moscow Railway and the Third Transport Ring. Green area with low building density. The area between the Moscow River and the railway has no population; residential buildings are located only on the other side of the road.
Story
Usually, speaking about the first mention of the current Luzhniki, they refer to the spiritual letter of Prince Yuri Vasilyevich in 1472, which includes “the village of Semchinskoye and the courtyards with the city and with Luzhnikov”; however, it most likely talks about other Luzhniki, which also appear in the description of the events of 1612: “On the 23rd day of August... the hetman went straight to the city... Prince Dmitry Trubetskoy, who came out against him, a hundred from the Moscow River from Luzhniki , and Prince Dmitry Pozharskaya from his country is one hundred near the Moscow River, near the Church of Elijah the Prophet, the Recommended Ordinary." Later, in the 17th-19th centuries, these Luzhniki are referred to as Malye Krymskiye (“Small Luzhniki, at the Crimean Ford,” between the Crimean Bridge and Yakimanka).
Crimean Luzhniki are probably connected with the Great Meadow. For the first time, “near the city, the Great Meadow beyond the river” was mentioned in the spiritual of Dmitry Donskoy in 1389, and subsequently invariably appears in the spiritual letters of the Moscow sovereigns (in 1406 in the first spiritual of Vasily I as “the Great Meadow opposite the city across the river”).
By the beginning of the 17th century, the Great Meadow, as a result of construction, fell into parts - the western part began to be called the Crimean Meadow (from the Crimean Courtyard to the St. Andrew's Monastery), after which the settlement received the name Crimean Luzhniki. In the eastern part of the former Great Meadow (in 1604 it was mentioned as the “Lesser Meadow” near the Simonov Monastery) the Bolshie Luzhniki settlement arose, also known as Luzhnitskaya Sloboda (mentioned since 1619, the name of the settlement was retained by Luzhnitskaya Street, now Bakhrushin Street). All R. The 17th century palace settlement of Bolshiye Luzhniki is mentioned with the indication “that under Simonov” (1633) and “from under Simonov” (1658).
The area that is now called Luzhniki was formerly called Small Novodevichy Luzhniki, and at the first mention, in 1638, it was called the Small Luzhniki settlement under the New Maiden Convent. In 1654, residents of Luzhniki began to build a wooden church of St. John Chrysostom near the shore and built “up to the upper platform; and by the will of God there was a pestilence,” the unfinished church “was taken to Kuznetskaya Sloboda.” On the same place in 1701 the Church of the Tikhvin Icon of the Virgin Mary was built (stone in 1756-1762, demolished in 1955, in its place a stadium). In 1955, all buildings between the Okruzhnaya railway. and the river were demolished for the construction of a sports complex.
origin of name
The name Luzhniki is usually associated with “low-lying meadow area, flooded during high water” (Dal’s does not record this meaning; only the Ryazan dialect “more extensive wet place, mochazhinnik” is indicated). But then the name should have been much more widespread, and not limited to three settlements.
The name Luzhniki initially did not refer to localities, but specifically to settlements, which suggests a connection between the name and the occupation of the residents. In the 17th century, the profession of Luzhniki is mentioned: for example, in the expense books there are entries: in 1606 “Luzhnik well-keeper Nechaika Fedorov for food for 3 days at 2 money per day”; in 1614 “Luzhniki Lamak Kazarinov for a fathom of firewood and with transportation of 3 rubles. 16 al. 4 d."
